If you’ve ever struggled with persistent redness, visible blood vessels, or unexplained skin flare-ups, you may have come across the term rosacea. But what exactly is it? In this guide, we’ll cover the basics of rosacea — what it is, the different types, common symptoms, and how to start managing it.
What Is Rosacea?
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that primarily affects the face. It often shows up as redness, visible blood vessels, sensitivity, or acne-like bumps. While it can affect anyone, it’s most common in adults over 30 and in people with fair or sensitive skin.
Rosacea is not contagious, but it can be progressive if left untreated — meaning symptoms may worsen over time. That’s why recognizing it early and managing it consistently is key.
The 4 Types of Rosacea
Rosacea looks different from person to person. Dermatologists classify it into four main subtypes:
1. Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea (ETR)
Characterized by persistent redness, flushing, and visible blood vessels.
Skin may feel sensitive, stinging, or burning.
Most common subtype, often the first stage many people notice.
2. Papulopustular Rosacea
Often mistaken for acne.
Shows up as redness with acne-like bumps or pimples.
Can include swelling and tenderness.
3. Phymatous Rosacea
Causes skin to thicken and become bumpy.
Most often affects the nose (rhinophyma), leading to a bulbous appearance.
More common in men than women.
4. Ocular Rosacea
Affects the eyes and eyelids.
Symptoms include redness, burning, watery eyes, or a gritty sensation.
If untreated, it can lead to more serious eye complications.
Common Rosacea Triggers
While the exact cause of rosacea is still unknown, flare-ups are often linked to environmental or lifestyle triggers. Some of the most common include:
Sun exposure
Hot or cold weather extremes
Spicy foods and alcohol (especially red wine)
Stress and emotional changes
Hot drinks (coffee, tea)
Intense exercise or overheating
Harsh skincare products
Since triggers vary from person to person, keeping a rosacea diary is one of the best ways to identify what’s affecting your skin. Check out my blog How to Identify Your Triggers for Rosacea to learn more.
How to Manage Rosacea
Although there’s no permanent cure for rosacea, it can be managed effectively with the right care and support. Strategies include:
Dermatologist guidance → Prescription creams, oral medications, or laser therapies.
Gentle skincare → Fragrance-free, alcohol-free, and non-irritating products.
Sun protection → Daily use of mineral sunscreen is essential.
Lifestyle adjustments → Avoiding your unique triggers and practicing stress management.
Check out my skin care tips and tricks for managing rosacea flare ups.
Key Takeaway
Rosacea is a common, chronic skin condition that comes in four main subtypes: erythematotelangiectatic (ETR), papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular. While symptoms can range from redness and flushing to acne-like bumps or even eye irritation, the condition is highly manageable with the right routine and lifestyle adjustments.
By learning what rosacea is, recognizing your subtype, and identifying your personal triggers, you can take meaningful steps toward calmer, healthier skin.
Next Step for You: Read my guide on How to Identify Your Triggers for Rosacea or explore my roundup of the best skin care tips and tricks I’ve learned after over a decade of managing my rosacea.